سقوطُ الأندلس: تحليل شامل وعميق للأسباب والعوامل

Abstract

The civilization of Al-Andalus has long been, and continues to be, a subject of ongoing research and debate among scholars — whether concerning its origins or the factors behind its decline and collapse. Most researchers and academics agree on several key causes that led to the disappearance of the Arab civilization in the Iberian Peninsula. Often, we find that most studies focus on these major factors, analyzing them deeply through political, social, economic, and cultural dimensions.

In my view, within all these factors lie subtle indications of deeper dimensions that allow us to look beyond the mere causes of decline, toward forming a new perspective about it. Perhaps the most important of these is that Al-Andalus, from the very beginning, was essentially a colony that possessed the elements necessary for survival and continuity for eight centuries — during which it succeeded in establishing a flourishing civilization later recognized by humanity for its uniqueness and brilliance. Moreover, it played a crucial role in igniting the light of civilization in medieval Europe. However, this civilization eventually faded away in accordance with the divine laws governing the rise and fall of civilizations — an inevitable and natural end for any civilizational entity.